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卷十 三、日與德開戰之近因


  (六月十五日)

  紐約《晚郵報》(六月十四日)載一東京訪員來函,追述其去年八月二十八日通信(登九月十七日報)中所報日本與德國開戰之近因,其言曰:

  Writing on Aug. 28… I stated that suspense was more or less relieved when a note came from the British Government on Aug. 4(?) asking what Japan could do in the way of safe-guarding British shipping in the Far East. An Imperial council was called, and the reply at once went back to London that Japan could not guarantee the safety of British shipping so long as the presence of Germany at Tsingtau existed to menace it. Japan would undertake the responsibility on condition that she be allowed to remove the German occupation of that part of China. In this suggestion the British authorities acquiesced, on condition that the place be subsequently retured to China and the integrity of that republic be in no way threatened.

  〔中譯〕

  在八月二十八日信中……吾曾指出,從八月四日(?)英國政府所透露之消息來看,此疑惑或多或少有所釋然。此消息說,美國政府問日本可以用什麼方法,來保證英國在遠東之海洋運輸的安全。日本隨即召開一個帝國會議,立刻答覆倫敦方面:只要德國仍佔據青島,給海洋運輸安全造成威脅,日本就無法保證英國海洋運輸之安全。倘若允諾日本取代德國佔據青島,日本將擔負起上述之責任。於此建議,英國當局有條件予以默認。此條件即是:此後日本應將青島歸還給中國,該共和國之領土完整,決不容遭到威脅、侵犯。

  此人自言所記系得諸可靠之口。其中所記如「八月四日」之日期及英人要求以青島歸我云云,或不盡確,然大致似可信也。

  吾前讀日外相加藤之宣言(九月五日),即知攻膠之舉發自日本,其辭顯然,不可掩也(參看卷八第一六則)。

  〔附記〕英駐日大使謁日政府,乃在英宣戰之前一日(八月三日)。是夜即有內閣會議;議決後(不知何等決案),加藤即往見英使,告以日政府決不辭協助之責。八月七日,英使複告日政府,謂「如允相助,不宜更緩」。是夜大隈召元老及內閣會於其家。是會至晨二時始散,政策遂決(不知何等決議)。右據日人K. K. Kawakami〔K. K. 河上〕之言,見一九一四年十一月《大西洋月刊》(Atlantic Monthly)。


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