胡適留學日記卷十五二四、威爾遜在參議院之演說詞

卷十五二四、威爾遜在參議院之演說詞

　　（一月二十二日）

　　威爾遜在參議院的演說，提議一個「無勝利的和平」（a peace without Victory），主張只有平等的國家可以有永久的和平。他又主張各國聯合為一個維持和平的大同盟。他說這不過是一種門羅主義的擴充而已。文中陳義甚高，民族自決，海洋自由，海軍裁縮，皆有發揮。全文甚長，抄其結語如下：

　　I am proposing, as it were, that the nations should with one accord adopt the doctrine of President Monroe as the doctrine of the world: That no nation should seek to extend its policy over any other nation or people, but that every people should be left free to determine its own policy, it's own way of development, unhindered, unthreatened, unafraid, the little along with the great and powerful.

　　I am proposing that all nations henceforth avoid entangling alliances which would draw them into competition of power. Catch them in a net of intrigue and selfish rivalry, and disturb their own affairs with influences intruded from without. There is no entangling alliance in a concert of power. When all unite to act in the same sense and with the same purpose, all act in the common interest and are free to live their own lives under a common protection.

　　I am proposing government by the consent of the governed; that freedom of the seas which in international conference after conference representatives of the United States have urged with the eloquence of those who are the convinced disciples of liberty; and that moderation of armaments which makes of armies and navies a power for order merely, not an instrument of aggression or of selfish violence.

　　These are American principles, American policies. We can stand for no others. And they are also the principles and policies of forward-looking men and women everywhere, of every modern nation, of every enlightened Community. They are the principles of mankind and must prevail.

　　〔中譯〕

　　我在過去和現在都主張世界各國應將門羅總統的學說奉為全世界的學說：任何國家都不應將自己的政策強加於別國或其人民頭上，而應讓人們自由地決定各自的政策，各自的發展道路。不論大小強弱，任何國家都應不受阻礙，不受威脅，無所顧慮地處理自己的事務。

　　我主張各國都應避免捲入將導致武力競賽的聯盟。這樣的聯盟只會使他們陷入由各種陰謀和自私自利的仇恨織成的網不能自拔，只會無中生有地擾亂他們自己的事務。任何相互糾纏的聯盟都不可能達到武力的協同一致：不可能以同一認識，同一目的去共同行動；不可能在一個共同的保護之下過各自的生活。

　　我主張任何統治均須得到被統治者的同意；我主張海洋自由，這是美國代表在國際會議上以雄辯的理由極力主張的，因為美國人是自由精神的信徒；我主張限制軍備，從而使各種軍隊、海軍僅為維護秩序的力量，而不是成為侵略或泄私憤的工具。

　　這些是美國的原則和政策，我們不能容忍任何其它的原則和政策。這些也是所有富有遠見卓識的男人和女人，每一個先進國家和開明政體所應有的原則和政策，也是全人類的原則和政策，它們必將在全世界生根開花。

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