胡適留學日記卷九五三、日人果真悔悟乎

卷九五三、日人果真悔悟乎

　　（五月十日）

　　中日交涉得暫時了結，日人似稍憬然覺悟侵略政策之非計矣，故有最後之讓步。今記其最後之結果如下：

　　According to this statement Japan withdrew requests relating to the establishment of a joint Sino-Japanese police service in certain localities. It also withdrew the suggestion that the Japanese be permitted to own land for the purpose of erecting churches. The proposal that China shall not cede any territory on the coast to any foreign power will not be included in the treaty, but the same idea will be proclaimed to the world in a declaration to be made by the Chinese Government. Japan did not force the acceptance of the much-disputed group 5 contained in the original demand, but preferred to reserve the privilege to conifer with China at some future time with a view to arriving at a satisfactory settlement of the matters included in that group. With regard to Eastern Inner Mongolia, Fukien Province and the Han-yeh-ping Company, Japan has greatly modified her proposal. In addition, Japan definitely proposed to return Kiao-chau to China, provided, of course, that the Powers at the end of the war accord Japan the right of free disposal of the territory.

　　STATUS OF SOUTH MANCHURIA

　　The most important part of the agreement consists of terms relating to South Manchuria. These terms, as accepted by China, are in substance as follows: (1) Japanese subjects to be permitted to 1ease or buy land for erecting buildings for commercial and industrial purposes or for agricultural purposes; (2) Japanese subjects to have liberty to enter, travel, or reside in South Manchuria and to conduct business of all kinds; (3) to enjoy the above privileges the Japanese subjects shall present passports to the local Chinese authorities and shall be registered by the said Chinese authorities; (4) they shall be governed by the Chinese police laws and regulations approved by the Japanese consuls, and shall pay to the Chinese authorities taxes approved by the Japanese consuls.

　　When the laws and judicial system of South Manchuria shall have been reformed in accord with modern principles of jurisprudence, all civil and criminal suits involving Japanese subjects shall be tried and decided by Chinese courts. Pending such reformation, however, the Japanese consul, where a Japanese subject is a defendant, and the Chinese officia, where a Chinese is the defendant, shall respectively try and decide civil and criminal cases, the Japanese consul and the Chinese official being permitted each to send his authorized agent to attend the trial of the other and watch the proceedings. Civil cases concerning land between Japanese and Chinese shall be examined and decided jointly by the Japanese consul and the Chinese official in accordance with the 1aws and local customs of China.

　　REGARDING EASTERN MONGOLIA

　　With regard to eastern inner Mongolia, the agreement arrived at consists of the following terms: (1) China shall permit joint enterprises of the Japanese and Chinese in agriculture and allied industries; (2) in case China contemplates contracting either railway loans or any loans to be secured by taxes she shall first consult Japan; (3) China shall open a number of places to foreign trade.

　　As to the Han-yeh-ping Company, in which Japan has invested some $10,000,000, China agrees: (1) To approve the arrangement for joint management that may be made in the future between the company and the Japanese capitalists; (2) not to confiscate its property; (3) not to nationalize the undertaking without the consent of the interested Japanese capitalists; (4) not to permit it to contract any foreign loan other than Japanese.

　　Regarding Fukien Province, the Chinese territory nearest to the Japanese island of Formosa, the Chinese Government engages not to grant any foreign Power the right to build shipyard, coaling or naval station, or any other military establishment on or along its coast. Nor shall China permit any such establishment to be built with any foreign capital.

　　These are the sum and substance of the terms accepted by China.

　　PROVISIONS OF GROUP FIVE

　　In addition to these, there is group five, which China refused to accept, and regarding which Japan reserves the privilege of future consideration. This group consists of these terms: (1) That the Chinese Government shall, in case it be deemed necessary in the future, employ Japanese advisers; (2) that the Chinese Government shall permit Japanese subjects to lease or purchase land for the purpose of building schools and hospitals in the interior; (3) that the Chinese Goverment shall at some future time send military officers to Japan in order to make arrangements directly with the Japanese military authorities either for purchase of arms from Japan or for establishing an arsenal in China under a joint Japanese and Chinese management; (4) that the Chinese Government shall grant Japan the desired railway concession in South China in case it becomes clear that there is no objection in this respect on the part of any other Power, or that the Chinese Government shall refrain from entering into any agreement with any other party concerning the railway lines in question until Japan may, independently with the present negotiation with China, reach an agreement with the party whose interests are, in the opinion of the Chinese Government, opposed to the proposed lines; (5) that Japanese Buddhists be permitted to preach their doctrines in any part of China.

　　From the careful wording of the terms of group five it is obvious that Japan has no intention to encroach upon England's sphere of influence. The railway which Japan proposes to build, connecting Hankow, Kiu-kiang, and Hangchow, will never be built without England's previous consent.

　　〔中譯〕

　　按此聲明，日本取消其要求：即在中國某些地區建立一中日聯合維持治安之政策；同時也取消其建議：即允許日人在中國擁有土地以作建立教堂之用。有關中國將決不割讓沿海領土予任何外來強權之提議，將不包含在此條約內，但此項打算將由中國政府另行向世界宣告。日本未曾強迫中國接受原條約中最有爭議之第五項，但提出要保留一個特權：即，將來在某個時候與中國政府就該項條約之有關問題進行磋商，以達到一圓滿之解決。至於東部內蒙、福建、和漢冶萍公司問題，日本已對其原來的提議作了大幅度之修改。此外，日本明確提議，假如在戰爭結束時各列強賦予日本自由處置膠州之權利，日本將把膠州歸還給中國。

　　南滿之地位

　　組成該條約之最重要的內容是有關南滿的部分。這些條款已被中國接受，其大體內容如下：（1）允許日本臣民租借或購買土地，建築房屋，以作商業、工業或農業之活動使用；（2）日本臣民享有在南滿自由出入、旅遊或居住，以及進行各種貿易活動之權利；（3）在享有上述種種特權時，日本臣民應向當地之中國政府出示其護照，並由上述之中國政府登記造冊；（4）他們必須遵守經由日本領事同意之中國治安法律和規定，也必須向當地之中國政府交納經由日本領事同意之稅款。

　　在南滿之法律與司法系統經過改革，使之符合現代法理學原則之後，所有涉及日本臣民之民事和刑事訴訟案件，均由中囯法庭審理並判決。然而，在此改革期間，涉及上述民事和刑事訴訟案件時，作為被告一方之日本臣民，或作為被告一方之中國人，將分別由日本領事和中國政府官員進行審理和判決。日本領事和中國政府官員將允許互相派遣各自委託的代理人，參加對方之案件審理，並觀察審理之全過程。凡涉及日本人與中國人之間發生的土地民事糾紛，將由日本領事和中國政府官員按中國法律和當地習俗共同仲裁或判決。

　　關於東部內蒙

　　關於東部內蒙古，已達成如下條款：（1）中國將允許中日雙方共同興辦農業企業和聯合工業企業；（2）倘使中國打算以稅收作擔保，簽訂鐵路貸款合同或其它任何貸款合同，中國均須首先與日本協商；（3）中國應開放一些口岸作對外貿易之用。

　　關於漢冶萍公司，日本已投資一千萬美元，中國方面同意：（1）改進公司各項工作，以便將來公司和日本資方共同進行管理；（2）不得沒收公司資產；（3）在沒有征得與公司有利害關係的日本資方之同意時，不得將公司國有化；（4）不得與除日本之外的任何他國簽訂貸款合同。

　　關於福建省，由於該省是與日本福摩薩島最接近之中國領土，因此，中國政府不得賦予任何他國在福建沿岸或沿海，建立船塢、燃料補給站、海軍基地，或者任何其它軍事設施之權利。中國也不得用任何外國資本來興建上述種種設施。

　　以上即為中國所接受之條款。

　　第五項條款

　　除此之外，尚有第五項條款，為中國拒絕接受，日本就此提出要保留其特權，以待將來再行協商。此項條款之內容大致如下：（1）倘使中國政府將來認為有必要聘請顧問，應聘請日本顧問；（2）中國政府應允許日本臣民在其內地租借或購買土地，以作修建學校和醫院之用；（3）中國政府應在將來某個時候派遣軍官到日本，以便直接與日本軍方接觸，安排從日本購買武器之事宜，或者，安排在中國建立一兵工廠，由中日雙方共同管理；（4）倘使沒有任何其他大國的明確反對，中國政府應給予日本享有其所要求的部分華南鐵路之特許權，或者，在日本與另一國達成協議之前（此協議與當前中日兩國間之談判無關），並且在中國政府看來，該國所獲之利益與上述有關內容相衝突時，中國政府均不應與該國就上述之鐵路達成任何協議；（5）允許日本佛教徒在中國各地講道，傳播其教義。

　　就第五項條款之謹慎用詞來看，很明顯，日本並無侵犯英國在華勢力範圍之意圖。日本提議修建之鐵路，即連接漢口、九江和杭州三城市之鐵路，在沒有征得英國同意的前提下，日本是決不會修建的。

　　此次交涉，餘未嘗不痛心切齒，然余之樂觀主義終未盡消，蓋有二故焉：

　　（一）吾國此次對日交涉，可謂知己知彼，既知持重，又能有所不撓，能柔亦能剛，此則歷來外交史所未見。吾國外交，其將有開明之望乎？

　　（二）此次日人以青島歸我，又收回第五項之要求，吾雖不知其驟變初心之原因果何在，然日人果欲以兵力得志於中國，中國今日必不能抵抗。日之不出於此也，豈亦有所悔悟乎？吾則以為此日人稍悟日暮途遠倒行逆施之非遠謀之征也。

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