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致蘇聯遺書 |
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(1925年3月11日) 蘇維埃社會主義共和國大聯合中央執行委員會親愛的同志: 我在此身患不治之症。我的心念此時轉向於你們,轉向於我黨及我國的將來。 你們是自由的共和國大聯合之首領。此自由的共和國大聯合,是不朽的列寧遺與被壓迫民族的世界之真遺產。帝國主義下的難民,將借此以保衛其自由,從以古代奴役戰爭偏私為基礎之國際制度中謀解放。 我遺下的是國民黨。我希望國民黨在完成其由帝國主義制度解放中國及其他被侵略國之歷史的工作中,與你們合力共作。命運使我必須放下我未竟之業,移交與彼謹守國民黨主義與教訓而組織我真正同志之人。故我已囑咐國民黨進行民族革命運動之工作,俾中國可免帝國主義加諸中國的半殖民地狀況之羈縛。為達到此項目的起見,我已命國民黨長此繼續與你們提攜。我深信,你們政府亦必繼續前此予我國之援助。 親愛的同志,當此與你們訣別之際,我願表示我熱烈的希望,希望不久即將破曉,斯時蘇聯以良友及盟國而欣迎強盛獨立之中國,兩國在爭世界被壓迫民族自由之大戰中,攜手並進以取得勝利。 謹以兄弟之誼,祝你們平安! 孫逸仙(簽名) 【注】 孫中山先生臨終前十七天,即1925年2月24日,知道自己病已不治,預立了三份遺囑,這三份遺囑是《遺囑》、《家事遺囑》、和《致蘇聯遺書》。前兩份遺囑由孫中山口授,汪精衛筆錄。 《致蘇聯遺書》則是由孫中山以英語口授,他的蘇聯顧問鮑羅廷等筆錄。孫中山口授遺囑時,在場的宋子文、孫科、孔祥熙、邵元沖、吳敬恒、戴恩賽、何香凝、鄒魯、戴季陶等人都作為證明人在遺囑上簽了字。 孫中山本來也要簽字的,但是,因為聽見宋慶齡在鄰室悲泣,他不忍心讓宋慶齡傷心,這天就沒在遺囑上簽字。直到3月11日淩晨一時,他自知在世不久,才在遺囑上補簽上自己的名字。 孫中山先生晚年得到蘇聯的幫助,俄國革命的成功給他很大的鼓舞,他親自制訂了聯俄聯共扶助農工三大政策,強調「今後之革命非以俄為師斷無成就。」孫中山臨終前夕,再次把希望寄託于蘇聯,特地口授了《致蘇聯遺書》。 《蘇聯遺書》的原件保管在俄國國立社會政治史檔案館(簡稱РГАСПИ )。全文如下:〔打字稿,原件全部為大寫字母打印。黑體字部分為鋼筆手寫體〕 Peking. China. To the Central Executive Committee of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics: My dear Comrades, As I lie here, with a malady that is beyond men's skill, my thoughts turn to you and to the future of my party and my country. You are the head of a Union of free republics which is the real heritage that the immortal Lenin has left to the world of the oppressed peoples. Through this heritage, the victims of imperialism are destined to secure their freedom and deliverance from an international system whose foundations lie in ancient slaveries and wars and injustices. I am leaving behind me a party which I had hoped would be associated with you in the historic work of completely liberating China and other exploited countries from this imperialist system. Fate decrees that I must leave the task unfinished and pass it on to those who, by remaining true to the principles and teachings of the Party, will constitute my real followers. I have therefore enjoined the Kuomintang to carry on the work of the national revolutionary movement in order that China may be freed from the semi-colonial status which imperialism imposed upon her. To this end I have charged the party to keep in constant touch with you; and I look with confidence to the continuance of the support that your Government has here to fore extended to my party. In bidding farewell to you, dear comrades, I wish to express the fervent hope that the day may soon dawn when the U.S.S.R. will greet, as a friend and ally, a strong and independent China and that the two allies ma y together advance to victory in the great struggle for the liberation of the oppressed peoples of the world. With fraternal greetings. Sun Yat-sen Signed on March 11th, 1925 in the presence of: Tse Ven Soong 宋子文 Wang Ching Wei 汪精衛 何香凝 Sun Fo 孫科 Tai En Sai 戴恩賽 Tsou Lo 鄒魯 Hsiang Hsi K'ung孔庸之 |
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